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Mathematics (S)
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Note: In order to find a course in the new 4 digit numbering system using an old 3 digit number, please refer to the conversion list below. Before registering for courses with the new 4 digit numbering system, please ensure that you have not previously taken the course in its 3 digit form.
Click here for conversion list of former 3-digit course numbers.
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Calculus 1000A/B, 1100A/B, 1301A/B, 1501A/B, 2302A/B, 2303A/B, 2502A/B, and 2503A/B and are offered jointly by the Departments of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics.
Calculus 1201A/B is offered by the Department of Applied Mathematics.
Differential Equations 2402A is offered jointly by the Departments of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics.
Linear Algebra 1600A/B is offered jointly by the Departments of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics.
Please refer to the CALCULUS (S), DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (S), and LINEAR ALGEBRA (S) subjects for those first and second year course offerings.
Note: Combinations of the courses Mathematics 0110A/B, 1228A/B, the former 017a/b, 030, 031, Calculus 1201A/B, 1301A/B, will not satisfy the Mathematics prerequisites of certain programs/modules offered by the Faculty of Science.
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Mathematics
0110A/B -
Introductory Calculus
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Introduction to differential calculus including limits, continuity, definition of derivative, rules for differentiation, implicit differentiation, velocity, acceleration, related rates, maxima and minima, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, differentiation of exponential and logarithmic functions, curve sketching.
Prerequisite(s):
One or more of Ontario Secondary School MCF3M, MCR3U, or equivalent.
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Mathematics
1120A/B -
Fundamental Concepts in Mathematics
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Primarily for students interested in pursuing a degree in one of the mathematical sciences. Logic, set theory, relations, functions and operations, careful study of the integers, discussion of the real and complex numbers, polynomials, and infinite sets.
Prerequisite(s):
One or more of Ontario Secondary School MCV4U, the former Ontario Secondary School MGA4U, Linear Algebra 1600A/B, or the former Mathematics 017a/b.
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Mathematics
1225A/B -
Methods of Calculus
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Elementary techniques of integration; applications of Calculus such as area, volume, probability; functions of several variables, Lagrange multipliers. This course is intended primarily for students in the Social Sciences, but may meet minimum requirements for some Biological or Basic Medical Sciences modules. It may not be used as a prerequisite for any Calculus course numbered 1300 or above.
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Mathematics
1228A/B -
Methods of Finite Mathematics
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Permutations and combinations; probability theory. This course is intended primarily for students in the Social Sciences, but may meet minimum requirements for some Biological or Basic Medical Sciences modules.
Prerequisite(s):
One or more of Ontario Secondary School MCV4U, MHF4U, MDM4U, Mathematics 0110A/B, 1225A/B, 1229A/B, the former Mathematics 017a/b, the former Ontario Secondary School MGA4U, MCB4U.
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Mathematics
1229A/B -
Methods of Matrix Algebra
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Matrix algebra including vectors and matrices, linear equations, determinants. This course is intended primarily for students in the Social Sciences, but may meet minimum requirements for some Biological or Basic Medical Sciences modules.
Prerequisite(s):
One or more of Ontario Secondary School MCF3M, MCR3U, or equivalent.
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Mathematics
2120A/B -
Intermediate Linear Algebra I
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A rigorous development of lines and planes in Rn; linear transformations and abstract vector spaces. Determinants and an introduction to diagonalization and its applications including the characteristic polynomials, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
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Mathematics
2121A/B -
Intermediate Linear Algebra II
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A continuation of the material of Mathematics 2120A/B including properties of complex numbers and the principal axis theorem; singular value decomposition; linear groups; similarity; Jordan canonical form; Cayley-Hamilton theorem; bilinear forms; Sylvester's theorem.
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Mathematics
2122A/B -
Real Analysis I
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A rigorous introduction to analysis on the real line, primarily for honors students. Sets, functions, natural numbers, Axioms for the real numbers, Completeness and its consequences, Sequences and limits, Continuous and differentiable functions, The Mean Value Theorem.
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Mathematics
2123A/B -
Real Analysis II
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A continuation of the rigorous introduction to analysis on the real line, begun in Mathematics 2122A/B, primarily for honors students. Uniform continuity. The Riemann integral. Series of numbers, convergence theory. Power series and Taylor series. Sequences and series of functions. Uniform convergence.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Mathematics 306a/b.
Prerequisite(s):
Mathematics 2122A/B with a minimum mark of 60%, or permission of the Department.
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Mathematics
2124A/B -
Introduction to Mathematical Problems
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Primarily for Mathematics students, but will interest other students with ability in and curiosity about mathematics in the modern world as well as in the past. Stresses development of students' abilities to solve problems and construct proofs. Topics will be selected from: counting, recurrence, induction; number theory; graph theory; parity, symmetry; geometry.
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Mathematics
2155A -
Discrete Structures I
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This course provides an introduction to logical reasoning and proofs. Topics include sets, counting (permutations and combinations), mathematical induction, relations and functions, partial order relations, equivalence relations, groups and applications to error-correcting codes.
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Mathematics
2156B -
Discrete Structures II
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This course continues the development of logical reasoning and proofs begun in Mathematics 2155A. Topics include elementary number theory (gcd, lcm, Euclidean algorithm, congruences, Chinese remainder theorem) and graph theory (connectedness, complete, regular and bipartite graphs; trees and spanning trees, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, planar graphs; vertex, face and edge colouring; chromatic polynomials).
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Mathematics
2211B -
Linear Algebra
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Linear transformations, matrix representation, rank, change of basis, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, inner product spaces, quadratic forms and conic sections. Emphasis on problem-solving rather than theoretical development. Cannot be taken for credit by students in honors Mathematics programs.
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Mathematics
2212B -
Complex Variables
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Complex numbers, Cauchy-Riemann equations, elementary functions, integrals, Cauchy's theorem and integral formula and applications, Taylor and Laurent expansions, isolated singularities, residue theorem and applications. Cannot be taken for credit by students in honors Mathematics programs.
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Mathematics
2251F/G -
Conceptual Development of Mathematics
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A survey of some important basic concepts of mathematics in a historical setting, and in relation to the broader history of ideas. Topics may include: the evolution of the number concept, the development of geometry, Zeno's paradoxes.
Prerequisite(s):
1.0 course of university level Mathematics
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Mathematics
2290 -
Algebra
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An introduction to abstract algebra, with principal emphasis on the structure of groups, rings, integral domains and fields. Cannot be taken for credit by students in honors Mathematics programs.
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Mathematics
2291 -
Elementary Theory of Numbers
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Euclidean algorithm, congruences, indices, continued fractions, Gaussian integers, partitions and Diophantine equations.
Prerequisite(s):
1.0 course from: Calculus 1000A/B, 1100A/B, 1301A/B or 1501A/B, Applied Mathematics 1413, Mathematics 1120A/B, 1225A/B, 1228A/B, 1229A/B, Linear Algebra 1600A/B, the former Mathematics 030, 031.
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Mathematics
2292 -
Synthetic Geometry
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Groups of transformations of the Euclidean plane, inversion, the projective plane.
Prerequisite(s):
1.0 course from: Calculus 1000A/B, 1100A/B, 1301A/B or 1501A/B, Applied Mathematics 1413, Mathematics 1120A/B, 1225A/B, 1228A/B, 1229A/B, Linear Algebra 1600A/B, the former Mathematics 030, 031.
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Mathematics
2293 -
Elementary Operations Research with Applications
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Linear programming, basic probability and statistical distributions, networks, decision analysis, utility, game theory, inventory analysis, queuing theory, simulation, Markovian decision model, forecasting. Cannot be taken for credit by students in honors Mathematics programs.
Prerequisite(s):
1.0 course from: Calculus 1000A/B, 1100A/B, 1301A/B or 1501A/B, Applied Mathematics 1413, Mathematics 1120A/B, 1225A/B, 1228A/B, 1229A/B, Linear Algebra 1600A/B, the former Mathematics 030, 031. If Mathematics 1228A/B or the former Mathematics 031 is not taken, one of the following is also required, either as a prerequisite or a fall term co-requisite: Economics 2122A/B, 2222A/B, Statistical Sciences 2035, 2141A/B.
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Mathematics
3020A/B -
Introduction to Abstract Algebra
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Sets and binary operations, commutativity, associativity, distributivity, groups and subgroups, cyclic groups, permutation groups, cosets, Lagrange’s theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, first isomorphism theorem, rings, integral domains, fields, polynomial rings, unique factorization of polynomials over a field, finite fields.
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Mathematics
3120A/B -
Group Theory
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An introduction to the theory of groups: cyclic, dihedral, symmetric, alternating; subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cosets, Lagrange's theorem, isomorphism theorems; group actions, class equation, p-groups, Sylow theorems; direct and semidirect products, wreath products, finite abelian groups; Jordan-Hölder theorem, commutator subgroup, solvable and nilpotent groups; free groups, generators and relations.
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Mathematics
3122A/B -
Metric Space Topology
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An introduction to the theory of metric spaces with emphasis on the point-set topology of Euclidean n-space, including convergence, compactness, completeness, continuity, uniform continuity, homeomorphism, equivalence of metrics, connectedness, path-connectedness, fixed-point theorem for contractions, separability, complete normality, product spaces, category.
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Mathematics
3123A/B -
Differential Equations
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Rigorous introduction to ordinary differential equations. Existence, uniqueness, and continuation of solutions. Linear systems with constant coefficients. Flows and dynamical systems. Series solutions.
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Mathematics
3124A/B -
Complex Analysis I
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The Cauchy-Riemann equations, elementary functions, branches of the logarithm and argument, Cauchy's integral theorem and formula, winding number, Liouville's theorem and the fundamental theorem of algebra, the identity theorem, the maximum modulus theorem, Taylor and Laurent expansions, isolated singularities, the residue theorem and applications, the argument principle and applications.
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Mathematics
3150A -
Elementary Number Theory I
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Divisibility, primes, congruences, theorems of Fermat and Wilson, Chinese remainder theorem, quadratic reciprocity, some functions of number theory, diophantine equations, simple continued fractions.
Prerequisite(s):
1.0 course in Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Calculus, or Differential Equations at the 2100 level or higher.
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Mathematics
3151A/B -
Elementary Number Theory II
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Arithmetic functions, perfect numbers, the Möbius inversion formula, introduction to Dirichlet series and the Riemann zeta function, some methods of combinatorial number theory, primitive roots and their relationship with quadratic reciprocity, the Gaussian integers, sums of squares and Minkowski's theorem, square and triangular numbers, Pell's equation, introduction to elliptic curves.
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Mathematics
3152A/B -
Combinatorial Mathematics
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Enumeration, recursion and generating functions, linear programming, Latin squares, block designs, binary codes, groups of symmetries, orbits, and counting.
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Mathematics
3153A/B -
Discrete Optimization
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Network problems: shortest path, spanning trees, flow problems, matching, routing. Complexity. Integer programming.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
One of: Mathematics 2156B, 3152A/B, the former Statistical Sciences 236, or permission of the Department.
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Mathematics
3154A/B -
Introduction to Algebraic Curves
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Geometry of algebraic curves over the rational, real and complex fields. Classification of affine conics, singularities, intersection numbers, tangents, projective algebraic curves, multiplicity of points, flexes. Some discussion of cubic curves.
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Mathematics
3958A/B -
Special Topics in Mathematics
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Permission of the Department.
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Mathematics
3959A/B -
Special Topics in Mathematics
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Prerequisite(s):
Permission of the Department.
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Mathematics
4120A/B -
Field Theory
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Automorphisms of fields, separable and normal extensions, splitting fields, fundamental theorem of Galois theory, primitive elements, Lagrange's theorem. Finite fields and their Galois groups, cyclotomic extensions and polynomials, applications of Galois theory to geometric constructions and solution of algebraic equations.
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Mathematics
4121A -
General Topology
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Topological spaces, operations on subsets (e.g. closure), neighbourhoods, bases, subspaces, quotient spaces, product spaces, connectedness, compactness, countability and separation axioms, function spaces.
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Mathematics
4122A/B -
Lebesgue Integration and Fourier Series
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Lebesgue measure, measurable sets and functions, approximation theorems, the Lebesgue integral, comparison with the Riemann integral, the basic convergence theorems and continuity properties, the space L2, the Riesz-Fischer theorem and completeness of the trigonometric system, pointwise convergence of Fourier series, Fejér's theorem.
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Mathematics
4123A/B -
Rings and Modules
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Commutative rings, ring homomorphisms and quotient rings, ideals, rings of fractions, the Chinese remainder theorem; Euclidean domains, principal ideal domains, unique factorization domains; polynomial rings over fields; modules, direct sums of modules, free modules; modules over a principal ideal domain, the rational canonical form, the Jordan canonical form.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Mathematics 308a/b.
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Mathematics
4151A/B -
Algebraic Number Theory
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Algebraic numbers, cyclotomic fields, low dimensional Galois cohomology, Brauer groups, quadratic forms, local and global class fields, class field theory, Galois group representations, modular forms and elliptic curves, zeta function and L-series.
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Mathematics
4152B -
Algebraic Topology
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Homotopy, fundamental group, Van Kampen's theorem, fundamental theorem of algebra, Jordan curve theorem, singular homology, homotopy invariance, long exact sequence of a pair, excision, Mayer-Vietoris sequence, Brouwer fixed point theorem, Jordan-Brouwer separation theorem, invariance of domain, Euler characteristic, cell complexes, projective spaces, Poincaré theorem.
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Mathematics
4153A/B -
Algebraic Geometry
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Affine and projective varieties, coordinate rings and function fields, birational correspondences, sheaves, dimension theory, regularity.
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Mathematics
4154A/B -
Introduction to Functional Analysis
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Banach and Hilbert spaces, dual spaces, annihilators, Hahn-Banach theorem, Riesz representation theorems, bounded linear operators, adjoints, closed graph and Banach-Steinhaus theorems, compact operators, the Fredholm alternative, the operational calculus, spectral resolution of compact normal operators, applications to integral equations.
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Mathematics
4155A/B -
Multivariable Calculus
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Review of differentiability in Euclidean space, inverse and implicit function theorems, integration in Euclidean space, Fubini's theorem, partitions of unity, change of variable, multilinear functions, tensor and wedge product, vector fields, differential forms, Poincaré's lemma, Stokes' theorem, manifolds, fields and forms on manifolds, Stokes' theorem on manifolds.
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Mathematics
4156A -
Complex Variables II
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Moebius transformations; local behavior of analytic functions, open and inverse mapping theorems; Schwarz's lemma; harmonic functions, solution of the Dirichlet problem on the disk, the Jensen and Poisson- Jensen formulas, the Schwarz reflection principle; analytic continuation; normal families, the Riemann mapping theorem, the homotopic version of Cauchy's theorem; conformal mapping.
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Mathematics
4157B -
Complex Variables III
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Entire and meromorphic functions, infinite products, canonical products, the Weierstrass factorization and Mittag-Leffler theorems, the Hadamard factorization theorem; simply periodic and doubly periodic functions, elliptic functions; the Picard theorems (with Schottky's, Montel's, and Landau's theorems); the prime number theorem (with the Gamma and Riemann Zeta functions).
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Mathematics
4158A/B -
Foundations of Mathematics
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Set theory: axioms, ordinal numbers, transfinite induction, cardinality, the axiom of choice. Foundations of mathematics: construction of the real numbers from the natural numbers by one of the standard methods. First-order logic: propositional calculus, quantifiers, truth and satisfaction, models of first-order theories, consistency, completeness and compactness.
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Prerequisite(s):
The permission of the Department.
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Mathematics
4160A/B -
Ordinary Differential Equations
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Laplace transforms and their application to solving differential equations. Sturm-Liouville systems; eigenvalue problems, expansions, Fourier series, autonomous systems; linear and non-linear problems, types of critical points, stability.
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Mathematics
4161A/B -
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations
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First order vector systems and nth order single equations; adjoint systems and boundary value problems; Green's functions and self adjoint eigenvalue problems; expansion theory and spectral decomposition.
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Mathematics
4958A/B -
Special Topics in Mathematics
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Antirequisite(s):
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Permission of the Department.
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Mathematics
4959A/B -
Special Topics in Mathematics
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Antirequisite(s):
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Permission of the Department.
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UNDERGRADUATE COURSE INFORMATION 