Note: In order to find a course in the new 4 digit numbering system using an old 3 digit number, please refer to the conversion list below. Before registering for courses with the new 4 digit numbering system, please ensure that you have not previously taken the course in its 3 digit form.
Click here for conversion list of former 3-digit course numbers.
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Earth Sciences
1022A/B -
Earth Rocks!
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What our planet is made of, how it works, and how it affects us. Framed on the interactions of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Specific topics include: geological time and earth history; formation of rocks and minerals; rock deformation; volcanoes and earthquakes; plate tectonics and mountain building; natural resources.
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Earth Sciences
1023A/B -
Planet Earth: Shaken and Stirred
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An overview of the origin and development of Earth and solar system; constitution and active processes of Earth interior; how these processes have shaped Earth evolution in the past and how they continue to control surface phenomena such as earthquake and volcanic activity. Labs will introduce the main resource exploration techniques.
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Earth Sciences
1070A/B -
Introduction to the Geology and Resources of Earth
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An introduction to geology covering rock forming minerals and rock forming processes. Emphasis will be placed on how mineral and hydrocarbon resources develop. A survey of the geological record is carried out to illustrate how resources are classified and distributed through time.
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Earth Sciences
1081A/B -
Resources, Environment and Sustainability in a Material Society
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This course introduces students to the relationship between humans and their geological environment. Emphasis is placed on the evidence for perturbations of Earth's natural environments by humans that impact on our planet's future. Specific topics include utilization of natural resources, waste management, water quality, geological hazards, and global change.
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Earth Sciences
1083F/G -
Life on Planet Earth
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Concepts of the development of life on Earth. Darwinian evolution and modern concepts of evolution. Genetics and evolution. Mode and rate of evolution. A survey of the vertebrate fossil record with focus on particular groups, including dinosaurs. Major extinction events in the fossil record. Origin of the geological time scale.
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Earth Sciences
1086F/G -
Origin and Geology of the Solar System
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Our best perception of the origin of the Universe, the Milky Way Galaxy, and our Solar System, meteorites, asteroids, comets and the formation of planets. The slow growth of Planetary Science reason and analysis of hypotheses. Why and how Earth evolved along a path radically different than the other planets.
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Earth Sciences
1088F/G -
A Foundation for Medical and Forensic Geology
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Practical applications of the Earth Sciences to human welfare. Aspects of origin, natural concentration, and biological intake of earth materials are considered and the significance of these substances to human health is discussed. Use of earth materials in surgery, treatment of disease and of Earth Science techniques to solve criminal cases are covered.
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Earth Sciences
1089F/G -
Earth, Art and Culture
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An examination of Earth materials used in the arts over the history of human culture. Topics include: Earth materials as media in the Visual Arts (pigments, stone and clay); rocks, minerals and fossils as motifs in famous works of art; landscape photography; gemstones and jewelery; earth materials in wine and cuisine, and modern technology.
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Earth Sciences
2123A/B -
The Dynamic Earth
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An introduction to the Earth as a large heat engine; topics will focus on large scale dynamic processes that occur in the deep interior (mantle and core convection) and their relation to activity and phenomena on the face of the Earth (tectonic plate motions, plate interactions, earth magnetic field, etc.).
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Earth Sciences
2130Y -
Field Geography and Geology of Southwestern Ontario
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A field-trip based course exploring the history and patterns of geology, physical landscapes and resources of southwestern Ontario. To be offered in the first half of the Fall semester; four mandatory, full day field excursions supported by a weekly lecture.
Antirequisite(s):
Geography 2130Y or registration in an Earth Sciences Specialization, Honors Specialization or Professional Program.
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Earth Sciences
2200A/B -
Plate Tectonic Theory, Environments and Products
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Rock types and their distribution within the Earth's crust are a result of tectonics, including continental rifting, seafloor spreading, subduction, obduction, and orogenic uplift and collapse. Lectures synthesize and explain major rock types in primary and secondary tectonic settings. Laboratories examine rocks and textures in hand specimens.
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Any 0.5 Earth Sciences course at the 1000 level or registration in a Major, Specialization, Honors Specialization or Professional program in the Faculty of Science or in the Basic Medical Sciences.
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Earth Sciences
2201A/B -
Structural Geology
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Deformation of Earth's crust; description of geological structures; construction and interpretation of geologic maps, cross sections and block diagrams; stereographic and orthographic representation of structural data; mechanical behavior of rocks; origin and tectonic significance of geological structures.
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Earth Sciences
2206A/B -
Mineral Systems, Crystallography, and Optics
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Introduction to mineral chemistry, crystal chemistry and mineral paragenesis, with emphasis on rock-forming minerals and ore minerals. Identification of minerals and mineral properties in hand specimen and thin section.
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Earth Sciences
2212A/B -
Genesis of Meteorites and Planetary Materials
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The origin of meteorites and planetary materials (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks) will be deduced from textural evidence obtained from microscopic studies. These deductions then will be used to constrain hypotheses concerning genesis and evolution of Earth, other planets and the Solar System.
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Earth Sciences
2220A/B -
Environmental and Exploration Geophysics I
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A brief introduction to applied seismology – the investigation of Earth structure using sound waves in rocks. Topics include: seismic reflection methods, a cornerstone of oil and gas exploration; seismic refraction methods; earthquake seismology. This lab-oriented course will provide hands-on experience with computers and analysis of large digital data sets.
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Earth Sciences
2222A/B -
Data Analysis and Signal Processing in the Sciences
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An introduction to data analysis techniques, including but not limited to, filtering, interpolation techniques, transforms, and correlation analyses. A variety of applications from various fields will be used to illustrate these techniques, including earth sciences (seismology), economics (financial data), atmospheric sciences (climate change), medicine (electrocardiograms), and engineering (circuit analysis).
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 322a/b.
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Earth Sciences
2230A/B -
Introduction to Geochemistry
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Effects of temperature, pressure and bulk composition on stabilities of minerals in natural geological settings are evaluated using thermodynamic principles. Reaction rates among minerals and fluids, including the effects of natural catalysts and inhibitors, and biotic mediation are addressed. Introduction to the principles of radioisotope and stable isotope geochemistry.
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Earth Sciences
2231A/B -
Birth, Life, and Death of Elements, Planets and Stars
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Discussion of the formation of the elements in stellar interiors. Production of stable and unstable isotopes, with emphasis on their rate of decay. Development of the "absolute" time scale. The immensity of time and consequences of energy production are discussed with respect to the "life" of the Earth, other planets and the Sun.
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The former Earth Sciences 330b.
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Earth Sciences
2240F/G -
Catastrophic Events in Earth History
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Rare events so catastrophic that they leave evidence in the geologic record and threaten life on Earth. Included are impacts by asteroid and comets, eruptions from giant resurgent volcanic caleras, large to mega-earthquakes and associated tsunami, and dramatic reduction of atmospheric oxygen by release of reservoirs of methane hydrate.
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Completion of first year requirements.
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Earth Sciences
2241A/B -
Hazardous Earth
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Earth processes leading to disasters; the amplification of earth processes by human activity; individual, national and global policies mitigating natural disasters. Volcanoes and earthquakes in the context of plate tectonic processes. Mass wasting, large storms, floods, and fires; global climate change.
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Completion of first year requirements.
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Earth Sciences
2250Y -
Introductory Field Mapping Techniques
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Eleven day field camp in the vicinity of Whitefish Falls, northern Lake Huron. Students will examine Precambrian metasedimentary and Early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, make a geological map, measure a stratigraphic section and learn techniques of paleocurrent analysis.
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Earth Sciences
2260A/B -
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology: From Beds to Basins
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Origins of sedimentary grains. Transport processes. Characteristics of the main types of sedimentary basins. Stratigraphic methods, including litho-, allo-, bio-, chrono-, and magneto-stratigraphy. Labs include examination of sedimentary rocks, well-log correlation and seismic stratigraphic analysis. At least one field trip is organized.
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Earth Sciences
2261A/B -
Biospheric Interactions Through Time
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This course explores the significance of life on Earth, past and present. Topics include ecological revolutions, mass extinctions, roles of life in the mediation of physical and chemical processes in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, controls on global biodiversity patterns, and case histories of selected invertebrate and vertebrate groups.
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Earth Sciences
2265A/B -
Paleobiology and Paleoecology
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A survey of the fossil record from bacteria, protista, calcareous algae, to invertebrate animals. Topics on each group of fossils include functional morphology, evolutionary trend, ancient living environments, contribution to sediment accumulation and reef-building, utility for dating and correlating rocks and for understanding long-term biodiversity change.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 361a/b.
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Earth Sciences
2266F/G -
Dinosaur and other Vertebrate Evolution
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Introduction to the fossil record that documents the major steps in vertebrate evolution, including the origin and radiation of fishes, amphibians, mammal-like reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals.
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Completion of first-year requirements, and registration in an Earth Sciences, Biology, Anthropology, or Kinesiology module.
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Earth Sciences
2281A/B -
Geology for Engineers
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Introduction to physical geology with emphasis on the engineering oriented aspects of the Earth Sciences. Topics include: minerals and rocks; mass movements; interpretation of aerial photographs, topographic and geologic maps; surficial processes and their manifestations; surface and ground water; structural geology and subsurface processes; and earth resources.
Prerequisite(s):
Registration in second, third, or fourth year Civil and Environmental Engineering; or permission of the Department.
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Earth Sciences
3310A/B -
Structure and Chemistry of Minerals and Materials
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The study of crystal structure, crystal chemistry and stability of rock-forming minerals. Compatibility of atomic substitution in minerals (solid solution, exsolution) is viewed from structural and thermodynamic perspectives. Selected topics include crystal growth, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), colour in minerals, crystal field theory and mineral physics.
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Earth Sciences
3313A/B -
Igneous Petrology
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Study of igneous processes using rock and thin section descriptions (petrography). Discussion of how different compositions and conditions influence the phases present in a rock (phase equilibria). Association of different rock types with plate tectonic setting.
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Earth Sciences
3314A/B -
Sedimentary Petrology
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Identification and description of various types of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks; the important characteristics of sedimentary rocks and their key sedimentary features for interpretation of present and ancient despositional environments; survey of diagenetic processes that alter original properties of primary sediments.
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Earth Sciences
3315A/B -
Metamorphic Petrology
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Study of metamorphic processes using rock and thin section descriptions (petrography). Discussion of factors that control the mineralogy and physical attributes of different metamorphic rocks (e.g., temperature, pressure, composition, fluids). Use of phase equilibria and geochronology to understand metamorphic histories. Association of different rock types with plate tectonic setting.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 312a.
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Earth Sciences
3320A/B -
Environmental and Exploration Geophysics II
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An advanced course covering the geophysical techniques used for subsurface sensing, with applications to environmental studies and resource exploration. Data analysis includes seismology, gravity, electromagnetic and radiometric applications.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 320a/b.
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Earth Sciences
3321A/B -
Physics of the Earth I
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An introduction to physics of the Earth's interior. Major topics are: Earth structure from seismic observations, heat flow, the physics of minerals under high temperatures and pressures, equations of state, seismological, thermal and compositional models.
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Earth Sciences
3323A/B -
Introduction to Geodesy and Remote Sensing
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An introduction to the basic concepts of geodesy and geodetic surveying, to include geometrical and physical geodesy. Material covered will include datums and coordinate systems, space and surface geodetic techniques, gravity and precise leveling, uncertainty estimation, and error propagation. Specific applications will include GPS data collection and analysis.
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Earth Sciences
3340A/B -
Watershed Hydrology
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Occurrence, movement, and behavior of water in the hydrologic cycle. The development of quantitative representations of hydrologic processes (e.g., precipitation, evapotranspirtation, runoff, infiltration and unsaturated flow, saturated flow, surface flow). Analysis of stream response hydrographs. Statistical models of predicting flood responses and water resource management.
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Any 1.0 course equivalent at the 1000 level from Calculus, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, or Statistical Sciences, or the former Linear Algebra 1600A/B.
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Earth Sciences
3341A/B -
Waters and Geochemical Cycles
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Acquisition of solutes by rain, surface and subsurface waters and their transportation and deposition in natural environments (e.g., formation of ore deposits). Natural sources of potential pollutants (e.g., heavy metals). Geochemical cycles of solutes and waters.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 330b.
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Earth Sciences
3350Y -
Advanced Field Mapping Techniques
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Eleven day field school in a deformed metamorphic terrain. Observation and documentation of geological features at outcrops. Three-dimensional thinking and reconstruction of structural geometry. Establishing overprinting relationships among structures. Mapping from mesoscopic to macroscopic scales. Kinematic interpretation and tectonic synthesis of geological data at different scales.
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Corequisite(s):
Any two of Earth Sciences 3313A/B, 3314A/B, 3315A/B, and registration in the Major in Earth and Planetary Sciences, Specialization in Geology or Honors Specialization in Geology, or in the Honors Geology or Honors Environmental Geoscience Programs for Professional Registration.
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Earth Sciences
3369A/B -
Geomicrobiology
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A study of geomicrobiological processes recorded in the Earth record and bacteria interactions in contemporary systems, including methods for the analysis of prokaryotes. The factors affecting their community structure and function, and their relationship to geochemistry. In the laboratory, students will develop bacteriological culture techniques used in geomicrobiological research.
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Earth Sciences
3370A/B -
Metallogeny I: Ore Petrology
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A survey course introducing the broad field of mineral deposit geology and the importance of mineral resources. Global theories of ore genesis are considered in deposit classification. Various methods of ore petrology are discussed within the context of specific applications. Laboratory work focuses on reflected light microscopy in the practical study of ore suites.
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Earth Sciences
3371A/B -
Metallogeny II: Ore Deposit Models
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The material covered builds directly on Earth Sciences 3370A/B Metallogenic models are applied to a wide spectrum of deposit types. Emphasis is placed on establishing geological criteria for mineral exploration. Laboratory work focuses on reflected light microscopy in practical studies of ore suites.
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Earth Sciences
3372A/B -
Introduction to Petroleum Systems
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The study of the fundamental geological components of petroleum systems responsible for oil and natural gas accumulations in sedimentary basins. The fate of organic matter is traced along a path from source rocks, maturation, migration, to reservoir, trap and seal. Labs incorporate use of industry software.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 4471A/B.
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Earth Sciences
4400A/B -
Earth Evolution
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A survey of the geological evidence of change during the last 4 billion years of earth history; the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
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Earth Sciences
4415A/B -
Advanced Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
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The origin and abundance of elements and their distribution within the earth. Geochemical methods (trace elements and radiogenic isotopes) and experimental approaches to determine the history of igneous rocks. Melting and crystallization processes, ascent and emplacement of magma. Equilibrium methods to examine recrystallization in different metamorphic environments.
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 411a/b, 412a/b.
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Earth Sciences
4420A/B -
Geophysical Forward and Inverse Modelling Methods
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An introduction to potential theory and methods of interpreting geophysical data through the construction of forward models, optimization of misfit surfaces, and inversion.
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Earth Sciences
4421A/B -
Physics of the Earth II
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Advanced topics in the physics of the Earth and planets including: magnetism; paleomagnetism and the geomagnetic timescale; radioactivity, radioactive dating and Earth’s age; elasticity and flexure of plates; principles of continuum mechanics; elastic properties of the Earth’s lithosphere; principles of isostasy; rheology of rocks; shape and rotation of the Earth.
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Earth Sciences
4423A/B -
Applied Seismology
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Advanced concepts in the application of seismic-reflection and refraction techniques for exploration of the subsurface. Topics include: elastic wave propagation fundamentals; prestack and post-stack data processing and analysis; deconvolution of time series data; seismic migration; inversion of traveltime data; amplitude-versus offset analysis; 3-D seismic interpretation.
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Earth Sciences
4424A/B -
Advanced Mineral Physics
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Introduction to elementary solid state theory, high pressure geophysics, phase transformations, elasticity, physical properties and mineral physics of the earth's mantle and core.
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Earth Sciences
4425A/B -
Global Seismology
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Advanced concepts in earthquake rupture dynamics and seismic analysis of global earth structure. Topics covered will include: seismic wavefield theory; seismic sources and source parameters; synthetic seismograms; global seismic tomography; methods of teleseismic data analysis.
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Earth Sciences
4431A/B -
Isotope Geochemistry in Earth and Environmental Science
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Stable isotopes (O,H,C,S,N), atmosphere, hydrosphere, sedimentary and diagenetic systems, hydrothermal systems, fluid migration, ore-forming fluids, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Environmental applications: groundwater, oceans, wetlands, acid rain; acid mine drainage, climate fluctuation; global cycle modification. Radiogenic isotopes: dating techniques; crust and mantle evolution, environmental tracing.
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Prerequisite(s):
Earth Sciences 2230A/B or 3341A/B or completion of any 2000 level half-course in Chemistry; or registration in the third or fourth year of an Environmental Sciences module; or permission of the Department.
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Earth Sciences
4432A/B -
Geochemistry of Metals, Melts and Fluids in the Crust
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The principals of metal concentration and deposition in magmatic and hydrothermal environments are examined. Natural and experimental data, including fluid inclusion, stable isotope, metal solubility, mineral stability and metal partition behavior are used to develop genetic models for ore deposits, which form the basis of mineral exploration strategies.
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Earth Sciences
4440A/B -
Fundamentals of Ground Water Flow and Contaminant Transport
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Occurrence, distribution, movement, chemistry and composition of ground water as a function of the geological environment; water quality and ground water contamination; collection and evaluation of hydrogeologic data; modelling ground-water flow and advective transport; case histories.
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Earth Sciences
4444A/B -
Hazardous Mine Wastes
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Introduction to uranium, Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide and lode-gold deposits. Quantitative modelling is introduced, and focuses on reactions occurring in mine wastes. Common geochemical remediation practices are discussed. Students will propose and test chemical remedial actions for waste sites using geochemical modelling. Laboratories include the analysis and leaching of ores.
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Prerequisite(s):
Earth Sciences 3341A/B or the former Earth Sciences 330b; or completion of any 3000 level course in Chemistry or Civil Engineering; or registration in Year 4 of the Science of Materials modules; or permission of the Department.
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Earth Sciences
4450Y -
Regional Field Geology
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Field study of the geology of major structural provinces of North America. A ten day field trip at the beginning of September.
Antirequisite(s):
Prerequisite(s):
Earth Sciences 3350Y and registration in the Honors Specialization in Geology, or the Honors Geology or Honors Environmental Geoscience Programs for Professional Registration, or permission of the Department.
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Earth Sciences
4451Z -
Geophysical Field Techniques
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An off-campus Geophysical field school providing an introduction to geophysical techniques, including gravity, magnetic, seismic and electromagnetic methods. Classroom lectures, with accompanying outdoor sessions and field exercises. Offered in co-operation with other Universities, with participation from geophysical contractors. The course meets professional registration requirements for Field Techniques (Geophysics).
Antirequisite(s):
The former Earth Sciences 4451Y.
Prerequisite(s):
Earth Sciences 2220A/B, or the former Earth Sciences 320a/b, or permission of the Department.
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Earth Sciences
4452Z -
International Geoscience Field Experience
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A research-level field course to globally significant international or Canadian geological type localities. Students will gain practical field experience through the collection, analysis, and presentation of primary geological and geophysical field data. Lectures/ seminars/ practical exercises will emphasize the interaction between the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the Earth system.
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Prerequisite(s):
Earth Sciences 2250Y and registration in year 4 of a Specialization, Honors Specialization or Professional Program offered by the Department of Earth Sciences with a minimum cumulative average of 70%.
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Earth Sciences
4458A/B -
Selected Topics in Earth Sciences
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Prerequisite(s):
Permission of the Department
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Earth Sciences
4459A/B -
Selected Topics in Earth Sciences
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Permission of the Department.
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Earth Sciences
4460A/B -
Sedimentology of Clastic and Carbonate Rocks
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An overview of the principal depositional environments of clastic and carbonate rocks, with emphasis on the recognition and interpretation of sedimentary facies and facies successions. Field and laboratory exercises involving outcrop and subsurface data will be used to integrate facies analysis with sequence stratigraphy.
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Earth Sciences
4461A/B -
Advanced Paleontology
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Advanced topics on applications of paleontological data to reconstructions of evolutionary history, ancient environments, geochronology, and paleobiogeography.
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Earth Sciences
4462A/B -
Glacial and Quaternary Geology
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The last 2 million years of Earth history. Glacial-interglacial cycles, global sea level and climate changes, and their causes. Extent and dynamics of North American Pliestocene ice sheets. Dating methods, Quaternary resources, waste disposal, air photo interpretation and surficial mapping. Laboratory exercises, field project, field trip.
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Earth Sciences
4470A/B -
Global Metallogenic Cycles in Crustal Evolution
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Advanced-level study of the global distribution of ore deposits. Problems of metal source, transport and deposition are discussed within the context of crustal evolution. Ore types sensitive to secular changes in the Earth's lithosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere-biosphere are emphasized. Field excursions to major ore districts may be arranged.
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Earth Sciences
4472A/B -
Applied Petroleum Assessment
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Advanced-level study of characterization and quantitative assessment of petroleum plays and prospects, with an emphasis on the integration of Geoscience, introductory reservoir engineering and basic economic indicators on the valuation of oil and gas properties. Labs will analyze case studies using industry software.
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The former Earth Sciences 4471A/B.
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Earth Sciences
4490E -
Senior Thesis
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A presentation of research on a chosen problem. Original data must be generated from field or laboratory studies and analyzed using appropriate methodologies. The results must be integrated into the existing literature on the topic. Independence in the conduct and reporting of research must be demonstrated.
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Registration in year 4 of a Specialization, Honors Specialization or Professional Program offered by the Department of Earth Sciences, or permission of the Department.
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UNDERGRADUATE COURSE INFORMATION 