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								Note:  In order to find a course in the new 4 digit numbering system using an old 3 digit number, please refer to the conversion list below. Before registering for courses with the new 4 digit numbering system, please ensure that you have not previously taken the course in its 3 digit form.
						
				
		 
				
						Click here for conversion list of former 3-digit course numbers.
				
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	The problem of scarcity and its implications, choice; opportunity cost, specialization and exchange; supply and demand; economic choices of households and firms; competition and monopoly; resource markets; public policy; income distribution.
		| Economics
				1021A/B -			
				Principles of Microeconomics |  
 
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	National income; aggregate supply and aggregate demand; inflation, unemployment and interest rates; money and monetary institutions; economic growth; balance of payments; and exchange rates.
		| Economics
				1022A/B -			
				Principles of Macroeconomics |  
 
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	The economic development of Canada with emphasis on the emergence from a simple society based on staples to a complex industrial society. Topics include the meaning and measurement of economic growth, the staple thesis, agriculture in central Canada, commercial policy before 1867, and population growth.
		| Economics
				2116A/B -			
				Economic History of Canada I |  
 
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	The economic development of Canada with emphasis on the period since the mid-nineteenth century. Topics include: the mobilization of capital; historical aspects of foreign investment, transportation and the investment in infrastructure; the Wheat Boom and westward expansion; and an historical view of the Canadian business cycle.
		| Economics
				2117A/B -			
				Economic History of Canada II |  
 
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		| 
	An introduction to econometric description and inference which covers: descriptive statistics for cross-section and time-series samples, probability; probability distributions and random variables; estimators and sampling distributions; confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses; simple linear regression.
		| Economics
				2122A/B -			
				Econometrics I |  
 
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	An introductory course in regression analysis which covers: multivariate probability distributions; the classical linear regression model; heteroskedasticity; autocorrelation; introduction to time series; dynamic linear models; diagnostic testing; instrumental variables; nonlinearities and limited dependent variables.
		| Economics
				2123A/B -			
				Econometrics II |  
 
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		| 
	A review of the economic problems of the third world and the nature of the process of economic development. Topics may include: structure of developing countries' economies; theories of economic growth and development; development and human welfare; planning and markets; human resources in development.
		| Economics
				2124A/B -			
				Economic Development I |  
 
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		| 
	Topics will include savings and the financing of capital formation in the development process; the role of international trade and capital flows; natural resources and agriculture in economic development.
		| Economics
				2125A/B -			
				Economic Development II |  
 
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	A study of the economic history of major nations in the recent past concentrating on Europe and North America. Topics include: the early modern economy in Europe; British industrialization; and later industrialization.
		| Economics
				2126F/G -			
				The International Economy In Historical Perspective I |  
 
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	A study of the emergence of the international economy since the late nineteenth century. Other topics will include: the interwar experience; the evolution of the modern state; and the economic experience since World War II.
		| Economics
				2127F/G -			
				The International Economy In Historical Perspective II |  
 
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		| 
	This course examines economic development of the People's Republic of China since 1949. It analyses China's economic successes and failures during the Maoist era and the reform period. Topics include state versus private ownership, foreign trade and investment in China, rural and urban reforms, inequality and poverty, and human development.
		| Economics
				2128A/B -			
				Economics of China |  
 
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		| 
	This course deals with contemporary microeconomic policy issues of the Canadian economy. Topics may include industrial and environmental regulation, trade policy, public finance and labour markets.
		| Economics
				2138F/G -			
				Microeconomic Policy |  
 
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		| 
	This course deals with contemporary macroeconomic policy issues of the Canadian economy. Topics may include monetary policy, fiscal policy, finance, exchange rates and interest rates.
		| Economics
				2139F/G -			
				Macroeconomic Policy |  
 
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		| 
	An introduction to mathematical economics, showing the application of linear algebra, differential calculus and constrained optimization techniques to the modelling of decision making by economic agents. Examples include analysis of the consumer resource allocation problem and of the selection of preferred production plans by various types of firms.
		| Economics
				2141A/B -			
				Principles of Mathematical Economics I |  
 
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	An extension of the techniques of Economics 2141A/B to include differential and difference equations. An analysis of economic growth and fluctuations, resource extraction, and other dynamic models.
		| Economics
				2142A/B -			
				Principles of Mathematical Economics II |  
 
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	Theories of the behavior of consumers and firms and the theory of competitive markets.
		| Economics
				2150A/B -			
				Intermediate Microeconomic Theory I |  
 
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	Theories of imperfectly competitive markets and the markets for factors of production; game theory, general equilibrium and welfare economics.
		| Economics
				2151A/B -			
				Intermediate Microeconomic Theory II |  
 
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	National income accounts, price indexes, theories of aggregate demand and aggregate supply; rational expectations; the determination of real income, employment, wages, the rate of interest and the price level.
		| Economics
				2152A/B -			
				Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory and Policy I |  
 
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	Inflation; unemployment; economic growth and fluctuations; the determination of the balance of payments and the exchange rate; and monetary and fiscal stabilization policies in closed and open economies.
		| Economics
				2153A/B -			
				Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory and Policy II |  
 
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		| 
	This half course in intermediate monetary theory covers such topics as: the flow of funds, a detailed analysis of the demand for money, the behavior of financial institutions and issues in monetary policy.
		| Economics
				2154A/B -			
				Money |  
 
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	The theory of labor economics encompasses the questions of the supply of and demand for labor in aggregate and of various skills in particular. Alternative approaches to these intermediate problems will be discussed as well as their final outcome, the distribution of earnings and the level of unemployment.
		| Economics
				2155A/B -			
				Labor Economics - Theory |  
 
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	The economic and legal aspects of labor relations will be approached under some or all of the following headings: the history and origin of the trade union movement, the economics of trade unions, labor law, wage/price controls and the relationship of unions, firms and governments.
		| Economics
				2156A/B -			
				Labor Economics - Bargaining |  
 
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	A policy oriented analysis of the economic problems of cities. Topics include urbanization, location of residences and employment, housing, transportation, pollution, urban poverty, crime and fiscal problems.
		| Economics
				2157F/G -			
				Urban Economics |  
 
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	A survey of the role of government in a market economy, effects of public expenditures, and collective decision-making in a Canadian setting.
		| Economics
				2159A/B -			
				Public Finance - Expenditure |  
 
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	A survey of the theory of taxation, economic effects of various federal, provincial, and municipal taxes, and issues in tax reform in a Canadian context.
		| Economics
				2160A/B -			
				Public Finance - Revenue |  
 
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	The distribution of income and wealth, economic explanations of inequality and poverty, and an analysis of government economic policies aimed at achieving a more equal distribution.
		| Economics
				2161F/G -			
				Income Distribution and Poverty |  
 
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		| 
	Business practices around the world as well as the market structures found in countries in the major trading blocs (Europe, North America, Japan, Asia, Latin America) are examined. Country risk, financial aspects, the history of global economic institutions since World War II and their relevance for international commerce are studied.
		| Economics
				2162A/B -			
				Comparitive International Business |  
 
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		| 
	An analysis of commodity trade and foreign investment among nations. The welfare effects associated with international trade and the effects of government interference with free trade receive special attention.
		| Economics
				2163A/B -			
				International Trade |  
 
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	A discussion of macroeconomic topics relevant to an open economy: the foreign exchange market, balance of payments accounting, macroeconomic models, intervention policy, and exchange rate regimes.
		| Economics
				2164A/B -			
				International Finance |  
 
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		| 
	This course is concerned with monopoly power: how it is measured, how it arises, its effects, and what might be done about it. Topics covered will include industrial concentration, barriers to entry, theories of imperfect competition, foreign ownership, advertising, innovation, discrimination, regulation, and Canadian Competition Policy.
		| Economics
				2165F/G -			
				Industrial Organization |  
 
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	Microeconomic theory and empirical techniques are applied to the study of national and international air transport. Topics may include demand analysis, costs of airport/airline operations, changes in technology organization of the airline industry, regulation and public policy, and pricing.
		| Economics
				2166F/G -			
				Economics of Air Transportation |  
 
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		| 
	Examination of health as an economic good and the economics of health services. Topics include international comparison of health services systems, private versus public financing, consequences of information asymmetry between buyers and sellers of medical services, and valuation of life and health in cost-benefit analysis.
		| Economics
				2169F/G -			
				Economics of Health Care |  
 
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The former Health Sciences 169F/G.
 
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		| 
	A course on how alternative economic systems resolve economic problems. Compares in theory and practice different forms of economic organization found in the capitalist and (formerly) socialist world. Possible topics include: forms of ownership, pricing and valuation, incentives, planning versus markets, and the reform or transition of socialist economies.
		| Economics
				2171F/G -			
				Comparative Economic Systems |  
 
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	Economic issues pertaining to the exploitation and conservation of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as fisheries, forests and energy. The course also explores the tension between economic growth and environmental quality and evaluates alternative approaches to environmental problems.
		| Economics
				2172A/B -			
				Natural Resource and Environmental Economics |  
 
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		| 
	Economic analysis of basic common law and legal institutions. The course will begin with an in-depth treatment of the development and enforcement of property rights. The tools of economic analysis will be used to discuss property, contract, and torts law. No prior knowledge of law is expected of the students.
		| Economics
				2176F/G -			
				Economic Analysis of Law: Property Rights and Contracts |  
 
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	Economic analysis of criminal law, family law, intellectual property law, jury selection, tax law, and law enforcement procedures.
		| Economics
				2177A/B -			
				Economic Analysis of Law: Selected Applications |  
 
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		| 
	The goal of this course is to apply basic economic tools to specific questions and problems in the sports industries. These tools include supply and demand analysis, basic game theory, wage determination in competitive and monopsonistic models, theories of the firm, models of imperfect competition, and probability.
		| Economics
				2182A/B -			
				Economics of Sports |  
 
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	This course will deal with the reasons for using cost-benefit analysis (market failures, the efficiency-equity conflict), techniques of measuring costs and benefits, and various applications of cost-benefit analysis.
		| Economics
				2184A/B -			
				Cost-Benefit Analysis |  
 
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		| 
	Topics to be posted by Department.
		| Economics
				2186A/B -			
				Special Topics in Economics |  
 
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	Topics to be posted by Department.
		| Economics
				2187F/G -			
				Special Topics in Economics I |  
 
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	Topics to be posted by Department.
		| Economics
				2188F/G -			
				Special Topics in Economics II |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics.
		| Economics
				2189A/B -			
				Special Topics in Economics and Economic Policy |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics.
		| Economics
				2190A/B -			
				Special Topics in Economics and Economic Policy |  
 
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	An historical analysis of the economic development of the United States since 1790. Topics include: labor and the economy; the role of government; transportation; and agriculture.
		| Economics
				2196A/B -			
				Economic History of the United States I |  
 
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	A continuation of Economics 2196A/B. Topics include: evolution of a national market; technological change; the structure of industry; industrial concentration; and economic fluctuations.
		| Economics
				2197A/B -			
				Economic History of the United States II |  
 
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		| Enrolment in the following 2000-4999 courses will be restricted to students registered in the Honors Economics program, an Honors Specialization in Economics, in a combined honors program with Economics, or a Major in Economics on Main Campus. 
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	An introduction to the principles of mathematical economics (linear and matrix algebra, differential calculus, maximization and constrained maximization) with applications including the theory of the firm and consumer theory.
		| Economics
				2210A/B -			
				Principles of Mathematical Economics I |  
 
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	The theory and applications of: national income accounts; income determination; consumption; investment; and the demand for money.
		| Economics
				2220A/B -			
				Intermediate Macroeconomics I |  
 
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	Issues in macroeconomic theory and policy. Topics include: inflation; income determination in the open economy; and the balance of payments and stabilization policy in closed and open economies.
		| Economics
				2221A/B -			
				Intermediate Macroeconomics II |  
 
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	An introduction to econometric description and inference which covers: descriptive statistics for cross-section and time-series samples; probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, random variables; estimators and sampling distributions; confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses; simple linear regression for normal and non-normal populations.
		| Economics
				2222A/B -			
				Intermediate Econometrics I |  
 
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	An introductory course in regression analysis which covers: multivariate probability distributions; the classical linear regression model; heteroskedasticity; autocorrelation; introduction to time series; unit roots and cointegration; dynamic linear models; diagnostic testing; instrumental variables; nonlinearities and limited dependent variables.
		| Economics
				2223A/B -			
				Econometrics II |  
 
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	Theories of consumer and firm behavior and equilibrium in competitive markets.
		| Economics
				2260A/B -			
				Intermediate Microeconomics I |  
 
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	Theories of monopoly markets, general equilibrium and welfare economics, game theory, public goods and externalities.
		| Economics
				2261A/B -			
				Intermediate Microeconomics II |  
 
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		| 
	This course deals with contemporary microeconomic policy issues of the Canadian economy. Specific attention is paid to policy issues arising in agriculture, renewable and non-renewable resources (including energy), manufacturing, and the service sector (including health and education). Contemporary issues in trade, regional and industrial policy are also discussed.
		| Economics
				2288F/G -			
				Economic Policy I |  
 
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		| 
	This course deals with contemporary issues in macroeconomic policy with specific references to Canada. Alternative theories of stabilization policy are developed and applied. A discussion of the financial sector in Canada will also be included.
		| Economics
				2289F/G -			
				Economic Policy II |  
 
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		| 
	An analysis of current topics in economics.
		| Economics
				2295A/B -			
				Special Topics in Economics II |  
 
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		| 
	Topics in advanced mathematical economics.
		| Economics
				3310A/B -			
				Advanced Mathematical Economics |  
 
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		| 
	This course examines economic development in the People's Republic of China since 1949. It analyzes China's economic successes and failures during both the Maoist era and reform period. Topics covered include socialist economic strategies, planning versus markets, income distribution, foreign trade and ownership.
		| Economics
				3311F/G -			
				Economics of China |  
 
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	Macroeconomic theory and policy as related to: investment; the labor market; interactions between the real and monetary sectors; and the international economy.
		| Economics
				3312A/B -			
				The Global Trading System |  
 
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	Macroeconomic theory and policy from both a Keynesian and a modern viewpoint. Topics include: determination of national income and price level; microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics; demand for money; and inflation.
		| Economics
				3320A/B -			
				Advanced Macroeconomics I |  
 
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	Macroeconomic theory and policy as related to: investment; the labor market; interactions between the real and monetary sectors; and the international economy.
		| Economics
				3321A/B -			
				Advanced Macroeconomics II |  
 
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		| 
	A review of the economic problems of the third world to develop some understanding of the causes of economic backwardness and the process of economic development. Topics considered include: theories of economic growth and development; sources of economic growth; rural-urban migration; and the role of agriculture.
		| Economics
				3324F/G -			
				Economic Development I |  
 
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		| 
	A continuation of Economics 3324F/G. The focus will be on income distribution, international aspects of economic development, and problems of financing economic development. Examples will be drawn from a variety of countries.
		| Economics
				3325F/G -			
				Economic Development II |  
 
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	A study of economic changes in Europe since the eighteenth century, with special reference to the economic history of England, France and Germany. Topics will include the problems of transforming traditional societies and the creation of a sophisticated manufacturing sector.
		| Economics
				3326F/G -			
				The Economic History of Europe I |  
 
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	A study of Europe in the world economy since the mid-nineteenth century. Topics include the growth of the international economy, relative economic performance, and monetary and business cycle difficulties in the twentieth century.
		| Economics
				3327F/G -			
				Economic History of Europe II |  
 
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	A positive and normative analysis of government expenditure, public goods, externalities, economic models of government behavior.
		| Economics
				3328A/B -			
				Public Finance: Expenditure |  
 
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	A positive and normative analysis of government revenues, incentive effects of taxes, tax incidence, Canadian tax policy.
		| Economics
				3329A/B -			
				Public Finance: Taxation |  
 
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	A detailed analysis of the foundations of monetary theory. Topics include money in general equilibrium and money and exchange.
		| Economics
				3330A/B -			
				Advanced Monetary Theory |  
 
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	A detailed survey of the advances in monetary policy. Topics include financial intermediation, the monetary transmission mechanism, and monetary policy.
		| Economics
				3331A/B -			
				Advanced Monetary Policy |  
 
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		| 
	This course will be concerned with the determination of asset prices. Topics include market efficiency, portfolio choice, derivative securities, and the term structure of interest rates.
		| Economics
				3332A/B -			
				Financial Economics |  
 
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	A study of the labor market, including wage and employment determination, labor force participation, investment in labor market skills and unions.
		| Economics
				3344A/B -			
				Labor Economics I |  
 
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		| 
	Covers topics on the "new labor economics" including economics of discrimination, fertility, marriage, health and crime.
		| Economics
				3345A/B -			
				Labor Economics II |  
 
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		| 
	This course explains why nations trade, what are the gains from trade, what determines the pattern of trade, and what are the causes and consequences of various restrictions on trade such as tariffs, quotas, and voluntary export restraints. Foreign investment and the theory of the multinational enterprise are also discussed.
		| Economics
				3352A/B -			
				International Trade |  
 
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		| 
	Topics to be covered include the theory of balance of payments adjustment and the problems of international liquidity.
		| Economics
				3353A/B -			
				International Finance |  
 
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		| 
	This essay course will provide a survey of major contributions to political economy including voting, the functions of democratic institutions, bureaucracy and dictatorship.
		| Economics
				3363F/G -			
				Political Economy I |  
 
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	An introduction to the modern theory of Industrial Organization. This course introduces the principles of game theory and applies them to the oligopoly problem. It also discusses issues such as: reasons for the existence of firms; the problem of vertical integration; and the incentives for cooperative behavior among firms.
		| Economics
				3364A/B -			
				Industrial Organization I |  
 
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	This course builds on the material from Economics 3364A/B. It considers issues such as: incentives for firms to differentiate their products; firms' provision of product warranties; the role of advertising and incentives for firms to reduce competition through entry-prevention. It also relates these issues to Canadian anti-combines legislation.
		| Economics
				3365A/B -			
				Industrial Organization II |  
 
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	A basic course applying economic theory to the law and to legal and economic institutions. Topics covered include: the evolution and efficiency of property rights; crime and punishment; the modern corporation; torts; contracts; and non-contractual arrangements. No previous knowledge of law is required.
		| Economics
				3366A/B -			
				Economics and Law I |  
 
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	Special topics in the economics of legal institutions: civil and criminal procedure; discrimination; civil liberties and the constitution; advertising and other markets in ideas. No previous knowledge of law is required.
		| Economics
				3367A/B -			
				Economics and Law II |  
 
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	This course will provide a survey of some major contributions to political economy including voting, the functions of democratic institutions, bureaucracy and dictatorship.
		| Economics
				3368A/B -			
				Political Economy I |  
 
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	This course will explore selected topics in political economy.
		| Economics
				3369A/B -			
				Political Economy II |  
 
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	The aim of this course is to develop the economist's approach to environmental problems and natural resource use and to evaluate the effectiveness of various policies that governments have used to solve environmental problems and improve natural resource use.
		| Economics
				3374A/B -			
				Natural Resource and Environmental Economics |  
 
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	The study of the economy of North America from European settlement to the mid-nineteenth century. Topics include analysis of the role of export staples, the process of colonial settlement, the economics of American slavery, early industrialization and the effects of tariffs.
		| Economics
				3376F/G -			
				Economic History of North America I |  
 
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	The study of the United States and Canadian economies since the mid-nineteenth century. Topics will include the role of world markets in Western settlement, the emergence of modern industrial economies, and the turbulence of the interwar years.
		| Economics
				3377F/G -			
				Economic History of North America II |  
 
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	Theories of expected utility and uncertainty, and game theory.
		| Economics
				3382A/B -			
				Advanced Microeconomics I |  
 
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	Topics in advanced micro theory; topics will vary with the interests of the students and instructor.
		| Economics
				3383A/B -			
				Advanced Microeconomics II |  
 
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	This course will deal with theories of production, distribution and value from the mid-18th to the early 20th century.
		| Economics
				3384F/G -			
				History of Economic Thought I |  
 
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	This course will deal with the development of theories of money and banking from the mid-18th to the early 20th century.
		| Economics
				3385F/G -			
				History of Economic Thought II |  
 
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		| 
	The aim of this course is to give students extended practical experience in applying the techniques studied in Economics 2222A/B and Economics 2223A/B. Topics include data gathering and the use of popular computing packages to estimate the parameters of various static linear models.
		| Economics
				3388A/B -			
				Applied Econometrics I |  
 
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	This course extends the practical techniques of Economics 3388A/B to such topics as: maximum likelihood estimation; time series models; multiple equation models; and dynamic models.
		| Economics
				3389A/B -			
				Applied Econometrics II |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics.
		| Economics
				3390F/G -			
				Special Topics in Economics and Economic Policy |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics.
		| Economics
				3395A/B-3397A/B -			
				Special Topics in Economics III |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics related to global or international aspects of Economics.
		| Economics
				3398A/B -			
				Special Topics in Global/International Economics |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics
		| Economics
				3399F/G -			
				Special Topics in Economics and Economic Policy |  
 
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	A full-year course in which students write a substantial research paper under the guidance of faculty members. Students present and discuss their research in a seminar setting.
		| Economics
				4400E -			
				Senior Research Seminar inEconomics |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics.
		| Econmics
				4495A/B -			
				Special Topics in Economics IV |  
 
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	An analysis of current topics in Economics.
		| Economics
				4496F/G -			
				Special Topics in Economics V |  
 
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	This course is designated to record whether or not participants have passed or failed the Economics Summer Co-op. This course cannot be used to fulfill any modular or degree requirements. Enrollment in this course is restricted to students enrolled in the Honors Specialization in Economics or a double Major with Economics on main campus.
		| Economics
				4499 -			
				Economics Summer Co-op |  
 
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